Islamiat Important Facts Revision for Job Tests

Islamiat is a scoring subject in almost every Pakistani recruitment test, from Police constable papers to PPSC and FPSC exams. The questions are usually short, direct and repeated in different forms. This revision sheet collects the facts that appear most often. Read it once, then test yourself with the Islamiat MCQs and the Daily Quiz.

1. Five Pillars of Islam

• Shahada – declaration of faith
• Salah – five daily prayers
• Zakat – obligatory charity, 2.5% on savings above the Nisab
• Sawm – fasting in the month of Ramadan
• Hajj – pilgrimage to Makkah in Dhul Hijjah, once in life for those who can afford it

2. Fard rakats of daily prayers

Prayer	Fard rakats
Fajr	2
Zuhr	4
Asr	4
Maghrib	3
Isha	4

3. The Holy Quran: quick facts

• The Quran has 114 surahs and 30 paras (juz).
• The longest surah is Al-Baqarah; the shortest is Al-Kausar.
• Surah Al-Fatiha is called Umm-ul-Kitab (Mother of the Book). Surah Yaseen is called the "heart of the Quran".
• Surah At-Tawbah is the only surah that does not begin with Bismillah.
• The first revelation came in the Cave of Hira, the first verses being from Surah Al-Alaq. The angel who brought revelation was Jibrail (AS).
• The Quran was first compiled in book form during the caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA), on the suggestion of Hazrat Umar (RA). Hazrat Zaid bin Thabit (RA) headed the work.
• Standard copies were prepared and sent to major cities during the caliphate of Hazrat Uthman (RA).

4. Divine books and the Prophets who received them

Book	Prophet
Torah (Taurat)	Hazrat Musa (AS)
Zabur	Hazrat Dawud (AS)
Injeel	Hazrat Isa (AS)
Quran	Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH)

Hazrat Adam (AS) is regarded as the first Prophet, and Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) is the last Prophet (Khatam-un-Nabiyyin).

5. Life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH): timeline

• Born in Makkah on 12 Rabi-ul-Awwal in the Year of the Elephant (around 570 CE).
• Father: Hazrat Abdullah. Mother: Hazrat Amina. Grandfather: Abdul Muttalib. Uncle and protector: Abu Talib.
• First wife: Hazrat Khadija (RA).
• Migration (Hijrah) from Makkah to Madinah in 622 CE, which is year 1 of the Hijri calendar.

Major events by Hijri year

Event	Year (AH)
Battle of Badr	2
Battle of Uhud	3
Battle of the Trench (Khandaq)	5
Treaty of Hudaibiya	6
Battle of Khyber	7
Conquest of Makkah	8
Expedition of Tabuk	9
Farewell Pilgrimage (Hajjat-ul-Wida)	10

6. The Four Rightly Guided Caliphs

Caliph	Title	Approximate rule (AH)
Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)	As-Siddiq	11–13
Hazrat Umar (RA)	Al-Farooq	13–23
Hazrat Uthman (RA)	Zun-Noorain	23–35
Hazrat Ali (RA)	Haidar / Abu Turab	35–40

Important achievements:

• Abu Bakr (RA): suppressed false claimants to prophethood and the refusal to pay Zakat; compiled the Quran.
• Umar (RA): introduced the Hijri calendar and the Diwan (register of salaries); conquered Syria, Egypt, Iraq and Persia; Jerusalem was conquered peacefully in his time.
• Uthman (RA): standardised the Quranic text; expanded the Islamic state.
• Ali (RA): the Battle of the Camel (Jamal) and the Battle of Siffin took place in his caliphate.

7. Titles of famous Companions

• Khalid bin Waleed (RA): Saifullah (Sword of Allah)
• Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah (RA): Ameen-ul-Ummah (Trustworthy of the Ummah)
• Hazrat Hamza (RA): Asadullah (Lion of Allah), martyred at Uhud
• Hazrat Bilal (RA): the first Muezzin of Islam

8. Important Islamic months and days

• Muharram is the first month of the Hijri calendar; Ashura is on 10 Muharram.
• Ramadan is the month of fasting and the month in which the Quran was revealed.
• Shawwal 1 is Eid-ul-Fitr.
• Dhul Hijjah is the month of Hajj; Eid-ul-Adha is on 10 Dhul Hijjah.

Exam tips

• Learn titles, years and numbers in tables like those above, because MCQs test them directly.
• When two options look right, recall the exact event or caliph linked to the fact.
• Practise daily: even 10 minutes of Islamiat MCQs improves recall.

Note: dates in the Gregorian calendar are approximate. Use your textbook if an exam syllabus gives a slightly different figure.